Geo Targeting
Geo-targeting is serving content to users based on their physical location. The
technology is invaluable; with simple techniques, you can target advertising to specific
users, collect more accurate usage statistics, serve content in different languages for
different regions and provide local information like weather reports to your
visitors.
Every website is built with a purpose and has its own target audience; while some may
be targeting the global audience, others may be contending for the local niche. Market
segmentation is an age old theory and is practiced widely. Businesses often implement
geographical market segmentation based on their product/service offering. A florist based
in Seattle is most unlikely to serve customers based in New York. Similarly, a 'car
breakdown' service provider in the US would not be interested in promoting his website in
the UK, or for that matter on global domain because that it not their intended target
market. This is where the concept of 'Geo Targeting' fits into your marketing strategy;
the need to showcase your products/services to your targeted audience. After all target
audience is what matters the most.
Paid advertising like Google AdWords has a feature that makes it possible for
marketers to target their intended geography. Hence, a Seattle based florist can run a
paid campaign that is only visible to searchers located in Seattle. With search engine
optimization, it was difficult to replicate the same effect and almost impossible to
target cities without appending city name (geographic locator) in the keywords. But the
search volumes for such keywords were significantly low and therefore made it infeasible
in most cases.
Search engines in an endeavor to provide more relevant results to searchers started to
incorporate the principles of geo targeting. This was based on the finding that majority
of searches are local in nature i.e. city, state or country specific. So if you were to
search for budget airlines while in the United States, the results would be tilted
towards US based budget airlines. Repeat the same search from a different country and you
would find that the results are centered on airlines from that particular country.
Different results for searchers present in different geographical locations; you get the
hint don't you?
Search engines filter and display results based on the geographical location of
searchers. They do so by establishing the geographical intent of a searcher based on
various factors. Search engines also establish the geographical relevancy of web pages in
order to present the most appropriate search results. Knowing these factors would help
you effectively gain online visibility in the desired geographic location. The signals
that come into play are:-
* Top Level Domain (TLD) is a potential signal that can be used by search engines to
establish the geographic relevance of a page. An .fr domain is a clear indication that
the website is intended for France and hence treated the same. Having the relevant TLD
for your website is therefore essential.
* Location of web server is also treated as an indicator that can tie a website to a
particular geography. Search engines could treat a .com website hosted in Australia to be
from Australia. It is therefore important to get the website hosted locally.
* The inbound link profile of your website is another indication that search engines
use to associate the website with a particular region. If a significant portion of the
inbound links is coming from a particular region, search engines are more likely to
interpret this regional association as a sure sign of the website's location. A
comprehensive back link strategy is therefore mandated to use this factor
effectively.
* The language used on the website can also be treated as an indicator but there are
potential pitfalls. In case of multilingual websites this factor may not be foolproof.
Also a website in Spanish could be associated with Spain when it could be directed to
some other Spanish speaking nation. In addition to this, the repetitive use of city or
country name may lead search engines to believe that there exists a regional association.
It is therefore required that you incorporate the relevant language signals to help
search engines make the desired decision.
* Google local listing details the physical address of a website and is plotted on
Google map. This information can be easily used by Google to "put 2 and 2 together" and
draw the regional connection. Getting listed there would not only benefit you in local
searches, but also help you build the regional connection.
* Google webmaster tool incorporates an option which allows verified site
users/webmasters to indicate Google the intended region for the website. By default it is
not set to any particular country. Setting the most appropriate region from the list is
also a plausible option.
The factors mentioned above may not be comprehensive but sufficient to help you
achieve online visibility in your target market. As with all others things pertaining to
search engines, it is very difficult to predict the weight each of these factors carry
individually. Search engines use these factors in various proportions and the presumed
weight could vary depending on the number of factors available for decision making.